Wind Energy: It’s Not Cheap or Clean


Much of the justification for subsidies, tax credits, and mandates for increasing wind energy production in the U.S. is that it will create jobs and help cool our planet’s fever. We’ve explained in detail how subsidized green jobs destroy jobs elsewhere, but it also turns out that increased wind power decreases carbon emissions much less than previously thought, and in some instances, could increase emissions.

The Manhattan Institute’s Robert Bryce explains why in his recent Wall Street Journal op-ed. First, wind power displaces power from natural gas more than it does coal, and coal combustion emits almost double what natural gas does.

Second, the intermittency of wind forces coal and gas-fired plants to operate inefficiently and actually increase emissions. Coal plants run most efficiently when continuously running, so the ramping up and down of conventional coal plants to make up for intermittent wind pumps out more carbon dioxide. Bryce likens it to the efficiency of an automobile: “An automobile that operates at a constant speed—say, 55 miles per hour—will have better fuel efficiency, and emit less pollution per mile traveled, than one that is stuck in stop-and-go traffic.”

This has proven to be the case in Colorado and Texas, two states that have adopted a renewable portfolio standard, which mandates that wind be included in the state’s electricity supply. A recent study commissioned by the Independent Petroleum Association of Mountain States looks at the power plant records from these two states and finds:

Coal-fired power plants are designed to run most efficiently at stable rates and are not well-suited to accommodate the load variability imposed by the integration with wind generation. Cycling causes coal-fired power plants to operate less efficiently, and reduces the effectiveness of their environmental control equipment, which together drive up emissions. Paradoxically, using wind energy in such a way that it forces utilities to cycle their coal generation often results in greater SO2, NOX and CO2 emissions than would have occurred if less wind energy were generated and coal generation was not cycled.

The study also finds that in Texas, the use of wind saved only 600 tons of carbon dioxide emissions in 2008 and found an increase of CO2 by 1,000 tons in 2009.

So how much environmental benefit are we really getting? Let’s pretend wind power will reduce emissions as much as the government says it will. Bryce points to carbon reduction estimates from the Energy Information Administration. A renewable electricity standard (RES) mandating that 25 percent of our energy be generated from renewables would reduce emissions by only 4.9 percent by 2030. To put this in perspective, Bryce reminds us that President Obama and Congress’s target is to reduce carbon 80 percent by 2050.

If that didn’t make you grind your teeth with frustration, this will: According to climatologist Chip Knappenberger, that 80 percent reduction would moderate temperatures by only hundredths of a degree in 2050 and no more than two-tenths of a degree at the end of the century. These temperature reductions are almost too small to measure. What do you think a 5 percent reduction in CO2 will produce? None of this would matter if wind energy could compete without mandates and subsidies and provide consumers with cheap electricity. Higher electricity prices have rippling effects throughout the economy. More expensive electric bills force businesses to make production cuts and reduce labor.

According to a new Heritage Foundation study, if Congress implemented a 22.5 percent RES by 2025, household electricity prices would jump 36 percent and industry prices by 60 percent by 2035. There would be 1 million fewer people working on average with the RES in effect than if there were no RES. And as the mandated level of renewable use rises over time, so do the losses imposed on the economy. Summing up the impacts for 2012–2035 yields a total loss of $5.2 trillion in GDP.

If wind can compete absent subsidies, mandates, or tax credits, then Americans will benefit from a more robust, competitive energy market. To suggest that windmills are the answer to our economic and alleged climate problems is nothing but blowing smoke to the American people.


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24 Responses to “Wind Energy: It’s Not Cheap or Clean”




  • Curtis Bauman:

    Your numbers sound impressive, but my experience with my local
    electric utility tells me otherwise. They routinely send me mailers
    tucked inside my utility bill (at additional cost to me I assume)
    asking me to please consider paying extra money so I can subsidize
    cleaner energy. That's the bottom line and no amount of propaganda
    is going to change it.



  • Sheldon Clifton:

    Is seems absurd to spend all this tax payer money on producing
    energy that is not green and unreliable, when these same funds
    could do so much more to help Americans CONSERVE engergy.



  • Kathleen Allen:

    There are two major technical problems facing the practical
    integration of wind and solar electrical generating systems into
    the power distribution grid; predictability and energy storage.
    Without solutions to these two problems wind and solar can never be
    a reliable alternative to fossil fuel systems. There are
    significant costs associated with maintaining standby power
    generation sources that must be brought on line when the sun
    doesn't shine or the wind doesn't blow. These costs can be
    significantly reduced if accurate forecasting methods are available
    and nearly eliminated if large scale energy storage facilities were
    in place. Unfortunately, both of these are outside our current
    technology. The forecasting problem may be solved by utilizing
    satellite images and meteorological models and many are working
    this problem now. However, the greatest obstacle to carbon based
    fuel replacement is storage. It can be shown that in the absence of
    large scale electrical storage systems, on the order of millions of
    kilowatt hours, wind and solar contributions to the grid cannot
    exceed 30 to35 percent without jeopardizing the stability of the
    distribution system. Large scale blackouts and grid failure will
    result if intermittent energy sources exceed this level of
    participation.



  • Billy Rankin:

    If it will save so much damn money, why does a wind farm need 90
    million dollars of taxpayer money to be built? 90 million ought to
    be chickenfeed for a profitable enterprise with a 20 to 30 year
    life span.



  • Anthony Valerio:

    When you have a political family in Missouri that takes taxpayer
    money(90 million) and gives it to their non-political son and
    brother who just happens to run a windmill elec.generating company,
    which will no doubt end up in the family coffers it,s easy to see
    we have a problem.We need to compare the salary of this Company
    President in the next few years and let,s see where our tax money
    ends up.Also let,s look at the campaign donations this Company
    makes to the sister and brother that are currently running for
    office.



  • Cynthia Winter:

    But there is not ONE heavily unsubsidized electron in our energy
    system today. It is preposterous to use this argument when
    addressing wind and then ignoring it for other fossil energy
    technologies. Silly.



  • John Minard:

    Rather than make a few individuals wealthy at the expense fo the
    American tax payers, why not give some money back in the form of
    making homes more energy efficient? Let's create jobs for folks
    installing weather proofing, better windows, insulation, roof top
    solar panels, etc., as well as jobs actually making the products to
    be used to do this. Nah, let's just let a few well-connected folks
    make a ton of money on this boon-doggle of an industry.



  • Robert Fisher:

    How is it that wind power displaces natural gas power more than
    coal power? Is is a function of transmission capacity? production
    location? The article does not elaborate on options to address this
    disproportional displacement.



  • Kirstin Hardee:

    Stephen, the “subsidies” you refer to are mostly tax breaks and
    other things of the sort. If you look at net taxes paid (taxes
    – subsidies), you find that oil and coal pay heavily into
    government coffers due to various excise taxes, tarriffs, and the
    like. In fact, without those subsidies, oil would have an
    absolutely insane tax rate (I believe 80-90%). Wind, on the other
    hand, is a large-scale drain on the government.



  • Charles Goldsmith:

    The anti-synergy between wind generation and increased cycling
    of coal-fired power plants creates the worst effects in states,
    like Montana, that are using wind hype to mask a coal agenda.
    Private property in Montana is being condemned for massive new
    export transmission lines by NorthWestern Energy and other
    corporations from ranchers who have stewarded the land for
    generations. The high voltage export transmission is being forced
    upon the ranchers so that California can have supposedly clean wind
    energy from Montana. But, in fact, California will get coal-fired
    energy. California won't burn coal in California, but California
    will burn 30% more of the same coal in Montana (due to voltage or
    “line” loss), ship the power 1,200 miles, and call that a green
    solution. Governor Schweitzer advertizes Montana's strategy as
    forward-thinking. But factoring in Schweitzer's massive coal leases
    (e.g., Otter Creek coal for $0.15 per acre), his most extravagant
    wind generation dreams won't put a dent in Montana's carbon
    footprint or create a “green” solution for anybody, anywhere.



  • Stephanie Boyd:

    “Recent research strongly suggests how this problem
    defeats the alleged carbon-reducing virtues of wind power. In
    April, Bentek Energy, a Colorado-based energy analytics firm,
    looked at power plant records in Colorado and Texas. (It was
    commissioned by the Independent Petroleum Association of the
    Mountain States.) Bentek concluded that despite huge investments,
    wind-generated electricity “has had minimal, if any, impact
    on carbon dioxide” emissions.



  • Yvette Hill:

    My congressman – Russ Carnahan voted to get his brother
    Tom millions for a wind farm. I doubt he knew (or cared) about
    this.



  • Kelly Roberson:

    Your numbers sound impressive, but my experience with my
    regional electricity utility teach me something different. They
    routinely send me pamphlets tucked inside my utility bill (at
    additional cost to me no doubt) asking me to please consider paying
    more for my electricity to help subsidize cleaner means of
    production. That's the bottom line and no amount of propaganda can
    change it. If wind energy or any other kind of renewable source was
    better at mass power production, it would be profitable and it
    wouldn't have to beg for a handout to survive.



  • Jeffrey Collins:

    Seems that the positive predictions about the wind resources are
    being stretched to have us believe that in 50 yrs will make a
    greater reduction of pollution RES is just another “Bogus
    Accounting” to appease the mass, and raise utility prices. Over
    taxation to promote the High roller machine in Washington.
    Shame.



  • Jennifer Perez:

    The reason it displaces natural gas instead of coal is because
    slowing down and speeding up coal plants is a costly and polluting
    activity. You waste a lot of coal running below full capacity.
    Instead, producers reduce natural gas usage, which is a simple
    control valve to a burner. Heat recovery on a natural gas boiler is
    pretty close constant over the operating range, so you are losing
    efficiency.



  • Laura Smith:

    The arguments for wind produced energy are exactly the same ones
    used for nuclear power which by the way never came close to saving
    the energy users any money.



  • Marcus Sykes:

    Get rid of those monstrosities and enough with this global
    (warming) hoax. It has already been disproven but some people won't
    let go of the lie and/ or ignorance.



  • Michael Silva:

    Bentek found that thanks to the cycling of Colorado’s
    coal-fired plants in 2009, at least 94,000 more pounds of carbon
    dioxide were generated because of the repeated cycling. In Texas,
    Bentek estimated that the cycling of power plants due to increased
    use of wind energy resulted in a slight savings of carbon dioxide
    (about 600 tons) in 2008 and a slight increase (of about 1,000
    tons) in 2009.”



  • Jaime Crane:

    Goggin, your claims fly in the face of real-world experience and
    basic economic sense. Please read the Spanish green-job study, your
    company's balance sheet, and the wikipedia entry on the broken
    window fallacy before embarrassing yourself any further.



  • Patricia Cureton:

    Ideally, it would be great to see all technologies compete on a
    level playing field without subsidies.



  • Clay White:

    In sharp contrast, Department of Energy studies show that a
    Renewable Electricity Standard would reduce consumers' energy bills
    by offsetting the use of more expensive fossil fuels. A December
    2007 DOE study found that a 15% by 2020 Renewable Electricity
    Standard would reduce electricity prices by 0.3% and natural gas
    prices by 1%, saving consumers $400 million. A 2007 DOE study of a
    25% by 2025 RES found that under a higher standard consumers would
    realize even greater energy savings of $2 billion. Similarly, DOE's
    2008 “20% Wind Energy by 2030″ study found consumers would save as
    much as $150 billion from reduced natural gas costs if the U.S.
    obtained 20% of its electricity from wind energy, while 450,000 new
    wind energy jobs would be created in the U.S., in addition to the
    85,000 that have been created already.



  • Fred Torres:

    The false claims made by Robert Bryce are directly contradicted
    by DOE data for Colorado and Texas showing that emissions and
    fossil fuel use have drastically decreased in lock-step as wind has
    been added to the grid there. Similar studies by independent grid
    operators from other regions show the same result. Besides, to be
    true, his claims would require a significant re-writing of the laws
    of physics.



  • Barbara Jones:

    To say that wind needs to “compete absent subsidies, mandates,
    or tax credits, then Americans will benefit from a more robust,
    competitive energy market,” is a red herring.



  • Richard Patterson:

    One only needs to look at Department of Energy data compiled
    during the Bush Administration to see that wind energy is creating
    jobs, saving consumers money, and drastically reducing emissions of
    harmful pollutants, and that enacting a strong Renewable
    Electricity Standard would only increase those benefits.



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